Belted kingfishers and me

Belted kingfisher IMG_9360f© Maria de Bruyn

Since my “career” as a birder is still rather short, especially in comparison to some birders I know, I still quite regularly see “lifers”. These are first-time spottings of birds in the wild when you can identify them reliably. While I enjoy seeing the more common birds in my area time and again, it is the lifers that often evoke a happy grin when I get a good photo. More often than not, though, my first photos of a lifer are a bit blurry, partial as the bird is hidden in foliage or otherwise imperfect. It is only with repeated sightings that the photos seem to improve – though that also isn’t always the case.

An example of this is my “relationship” with the belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon).  Although worldwide there are more than 90 species of kingfishers, the United States and Canada only have three and it is the belted variety that is most often seen. “Belted” refers to the band of bluish-gray color across the white underparts of the bird’s body; both males and females have this. Females also have a reddish color band, making them even more attractive than the males, which is not so usual among our avian friends.

The first time I saw a belted kingfisher was in October 2012; it was Belted kingfisher IMG_9690Dacross Jordan Lake, about a 30-minute drive from my home, in a tree. Only when it flew by once at high speed was I able to get a half-way decent shot of what I think was a female.

My next sightings were in a mangrove swamp in Mexico in December 2013. One day, I saw a female fly by over the mangrove trees in the distance.

Belted kingfisher IMG_9364F© Maria de BruynTwo days later, at the same place, I saw male. What was exciting about that spotting was that the bird began fishing right in front of me. He would circle the swamp, hover a couple seconds and then fold his wings to drop like a bullet into the water, completely submerging. The action was fast and my photos were blurred again, but I was able to document that he had caught a meal.

Belted kingfisher IMG_1853© Maria de BruynBelted kingfisher IMG_1855© Maria de BruynBelted kingfisher IMG_1860© Maria de Bruyn

Belted kingfisher IMG_1864© Maria de BruynBelted kingfisher IMG_5279©Maria de BruynresMy fourth sighting was in the late afternoon this past week, January 2014. As I was walking in a forested area near a creek, I saw a flash of a blue head and white on the wings and at first thought that a blue jay had streaked by me. But then the odd, kind of loud warbling call caught my attention – it was definitely not a jay. The bird perched on a tree limb about 100 feet or more ahead of me and I suspected that it might be a kingfisher but doubted it, too, as I thought they needed to be around more open bodies of water. This is not the case – they just need to be around water that doesn’t freeze over so they always have access to their fishy diets, as well as amphibians, small crustaceans, insects, small mammals and reptiles. They nest in burrows dug horizontally into the banks of waterways and both parents cooperate in feeding and raising the young.

Belted kingfisher IMG_5442©Maria de BruynresBelted kingfisher IMG_5388©Maria de Bruynres

I began taking photos from far away as I neared the kingfisher; when I would get within about 30 feet, he would take off again. This scenario repeated itself over and over again as I tried to get some shots of the bird not hidden by branches, twigs and dried foliage. I finally did get some photos, again not of the best quality as it was getting towards dusk and the bird was still pretty far away.

Belted kingfisher IMG_5420©Maria de BruynresBoth sexes have a dark head with crested feathers and quite large bills; this juvenile – male, I believe – showed his crest over and over as he called and bobbed up and down on his various perches. I think it is the crest that helped give him a – what struck me as – crabby look. He was very impressive though.

Belted kingfisher IMG_5442©Maria de Bruynres

When I next see a belted kingfisher, it won’t be a “lifer” sighting but my goal now is to get a good close-up shot; time will tell if I succeed!

Next blog: deer and their efforts to get food

Owls – raptors with fantastically functional feathers

Barred owl IMG_9617© Maria de Bruyn resThe owl is the wisest of all birds because the more it sees, the less it talks. – African Proverb

The world likes to have night-owls, that it may have matter for wonder. – German proverb

Sayings about wise owls are well known and may account for the names given to a group of owls – a wisdom, study or parliament. On the other hand, in some cultures, owls are associated with bad luck, death and the stealing of souls. Owl fossils date back as far as 58 million years ago! These appealing birds have been depicted in in cave paintings in France, in Egyptian hieroglyphics and in Mayan art. There are about 200 species of owls around the world and they are found on all continents except Antarctica and a few remote islands.

Owl anatomy

Barred owl eye feathers IMG_9802©Maria de BruynresOwls have interesting anatomical features. Like humans, they have binocular vision as a result of their upright posture and forward-facing eyes. A circle of feathers around each eye, as seen in the barred owl  (Strix varia) here, can be adjusted to focus and channel sound to their ears (which are asymmetrical in many species!). These feathers can magnify sound as much as 10 times, giving them acute hearing.

Barred owl IMG_9832©Maria de Bruyn signed res

Like bald eagles, owls have three eyelids: one is used to blink, another for sleeping and the third – the nictitating membrane – helps them keep their eyes clean and healthy. Because they cannot turn their eyes within their bony eye sockets, owls must rotate their heads up to 270 degrees to look around. They are far-sighted and cannot see clearly right in front of their eyes, but their distance vision is very good, especially in low light.

Barred owl IMG_9117©Maria de Bruyn resOwl feathers have fringes with different degrees of softness, which helps muffle sound when they fly.

Screech owl IMG_3069©Maria de Bruyn resSome owls, like the Eastern screech owl (Megascops asio) have tufts of feathers on their heads; the function of these might be to indicate a bird’s mood, to show aggression or to help keep the bird camouflaged.

Screech owl rehabilitated by CLAWS that serves as an educational bird

Behaviors

Different owl species make different sounds for finding mates or announcing their presence to potential competitors. These sounds help ornithologists and birders locate and identify species.  For example, the barred owl is said to have a call that sounds like “who cooks for you?”

These carnivorous birds usually swallow their prey whole (depending on the size of the animals such as fish, mice, rats, hares). Scientists who study their diets use owl pellets as an aid; the owls regurgitate bones, scales and fur in these pellets. The larger owls will also detach body parts they don’t wish to eat. For example, colleagues speculated that it was a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) that took down a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) at a local nature reserve recently, leaving behind an entire wing that wouldn’t have provided much nutrition.

great horned owl IMG_3065©Maria de Bruyn resred-tailed hawk IMG_2745©Maria de Bruyn res

Great horned owl rehabilitated by CLAWS in Chapel Hill, NC. This bird was shot in the eye and cannot be released again; it serves as an educational bird.

The main threats to owl survival today include habitat loss, pesticides and human predation due to negative superstitions. There are fortunately efforts to preserve owls where they may be seen as beneficial. For example, a barn owl may eat up to 1000 mice each year, so that farmers try to attract them to help control rodents in agricultural fields. Projects to re-introduce barn owls (Tyto alba) are taking place in the Czech Republic and the United States. The local Audubon Society to which I belong has a barn owl project, in which they have placed barn owl nest boxes in various places in an effort to attract these birds as more permanent residents. It would be very cool to see the boxes occupied one day!

Barn owl project IMG_6412© Maria de BruynBarn owl box IMG_2501©Maria de Bruyn

Check out CLAWS, a wildlife rescue and rehabilitation center in North Carolina! http://www.nc-claws.org/

Resplendent remiges and rectrices – bird beauty from behind

The other day asMourning dove IMG_6565©Maria de Bruyn res I was photographing birds at my feeders, I was struck by the beauty of this bird’s feathers as they lay across its back. The muted colors are wonderful and the scalloped-edge pattern is marvelous. It made me take a look at other birds’ feathers as seen from behind and how they vary in position and shape. I hope you enjoy this short tour and have some fun identifying the birds shown – many are very easy for experienced birders but perhaps some are not for beginning birdwatchers. The answers will be added to the blog next week.

So, we are focusing here on flight feathers, namely the remiges and rectrices. The remiges – or wing feathers – help the bird get lift when flying and support the bird during flight. The rectrices – tail feathers – give the bird stability and provide control.

Red fox sparrow IMG_5745© Maria de Bruyn resHouse finch M de Bruyn resCardinal IMG_6227©Maria de Bruyn res

The outer “vane” (part of the feather above the shaft) is narrower than the inner vane, so the wing feathers are asymmetrical. The tail feathers, on the other hand, are symmetrical in shape and pattern. The “primary” wing feathers are narrower and can be rotated individually, while the secondary remiges are shorter and lie together, even when the bird is flying.

In some species, the wing feathers may reveal a spot of color on the bird’s back when they are not folded completely over one another.

Yellow-rumped warbler IMG_6461©Maria de BruynresHouse finch IMG_6255©Maria de Bruyn res

The feathers also serve other functions, such as keeping the bird warm and dry.

Ruby-throated hummingbird IMG_4221©Maria de BruynresMandarin duck IMG_1605©Maria de Bruyn resHoopoe IMG_4314©Maria de Bruyn res

In some species, the males develop especially resplendent rectrices in thRed-collared widowbird 390©Maria de Bruynreseir breeding plumage – a definite attempt to attract mates.

Interestingly, the total weight of a bird’s feathers is about 2-3 times more than the weight of its bones!

One final quiz question – which bird has the fewest overall feathers and which species has the most?

Next week: curious deer

Wonderful woodpeckers

For my first posting, I’d like to focus on woodpeckers. These birds live in many areas of the world and there are several species that I’ve been lucky to see in my yard and on my travels. Many of those I’ve seen have bits of red or a hint of yellow color, like the pileated woodpecker ((Dryocopus pileatus, below left). Some are occasional visitors, like the Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus, below right) that was perched on my persimmon tree.

Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) seen in the woodsNorthern flicker (Colaptes auratus) on my persimmon tree

The downy woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens), like the male on the left below, and the red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus), such as this male to his right, come to my feeders every day.

Downy woodpecker MdB signedred-bellied IMG_8847

Some of these birds are difficult to photograph, like the beautiful red-headed woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) that sometimes frustrate me because they go behind leaves or stay at a really far distance so that getting a good shot of them is very hard!

Red-headed woodpecker IMG_9884© Maria de Bruyn

What’s really interesting about woodpeckers is that these birds have adapted over time to protect their brains from damage when they repeatedly peck away at wood, trees, utility poles, trash cans — or my rain gutters, making a VERY loud sound as they try to attract mates! Woodpeckers can tap up to 8,000-12,000 times a day (22 times per second)! So how do they protect themselves from this jarring activity?

Their brains are protected within their skulls and they only make contact with an object for a very short time with each peck. Just before they peck on wood, they close a thick eyelid (called the nictitating membrane) to protect their eyes from wood chips and special feathers protect their nostrils. They also have strong muscles at the base of their beaks that act as shock absorbers to lessen the impact of the hard pecking. In fact, In fact, scientists used studies of the golden-fronted woodpecker ‘s head and neck when they designed a shock absorption system to protect microelectronics!

Golden-fronted woodpecker IMG_0357 MdB

Golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) that I saw in Mexico

Woodpeckers are important in nature because they help control insect populations. Their nest cavities are also used by birds and animals (deer mice, raccoons, flying squirrels) that cannot create cavities themselves. A few species will use nest boxes. A downy woodpecker used a bluebird box in my yard as its night-time refuge over the past winter.

downy woodpecker IMG_0299 MdB

Next blog: deer antlers!