Green and red (and gold) insect jewels

Continuing on from my last blog about the strikingly blue-colored dogbane beetles and ebony jewelwing damselflies, I’ll now focus on some other brightly colored insects – beetles and flies of metallic greens and reds.

The six-spotted tigesix-spotted tiger beetle IMG_0116©Maria de Bruyn resr beetle (Cicindela sexguttata) seems to have color variations ranging from bluish-green through a brilliant forest green.

Their coloring extends all over their bodies, including their legs and heads, interrupted by six white spots marking the back edges of their wings and by large white mandibles (jaw bones).

six-spotted tiger beetle IMG_6894©Maria de Bruynsix-spotted tiger beetle IMG_6905©Maria de Bruyn

These fairly long-lived beetles (up to 5 years) look a bit fierce with those large jaws and they do bite, but they don’t go after people, unless perhaps you tried to handle them and they get pissed off. They are pretty quick runners and fliers, though. Their prey includes ants, spiders, caterpillars and other insects.

six-spotted tiger beetle IMG_5664six-spotted tiger beetle IMG_5659

Southern white beach tiger beetle IMG_7171 mdbThey have a beautiful cousin at the North Carolina beaches, the Southern white beach tiger beetle (Cicindela dorsalis media). Though not a shiny insect, they look as if they are made of ivory with an inlaid ebony pattern. Early September seems to be mating time for these insects; when I took this photo, there were many dozens of pairs going at it all over the beach. In some cases, the females were trying to shake off the males, who were hanging on rather desperately.

Some of the small flies (1-9 mm or 0.04-0.4 in) are green beauties. The long-legged fly (Condylostylus) comes in various hues.long-legged fly IMG_1425 M de Bruyn

Long-legged fly IMG_9536© Maria de Bruyn

These tiny fliers tend to have long legs and prominent eyes. Some have clear wings, while others have a pattern, such as this one with black on its wings.

long-legged fly IMG_1425 M de BruynLong-legged fly IMG_9535© Maria de Bruynres

Longlegged  fly Condylostylus patibulatus IMG_4304 Maria de BruynThere are some red long-legged flies, too. This type of fly eats other insects, including aphids.

Without a macro lens for my camera, it is a challenge to get good shots of the metallic-looking insects. But one day, I hope to get a more decent shot of this mottled tortoise beetle (Deloyala guttata) that looks like someone put gold leaf on its back!

 

tortoise beetle IMG_2456©Maria de Bruyn

Next blog – an example of my difficulties with “serious birding”!

Blue jewels of the insect world

dogbane beetle IMG_4382©Maria de Bruyn resMy original interest in wildlife often centered around mammals; as a child, I was especially fascinated by the larger ones I saw at the zoo like lions, giraffes and bears. Eventually, in my later adult life, I became a birder and then Project Noah led me to begin paying much closer attention to the insect world. Nowadays, I find almost any type of wildlife of interest and look forward to learning more about diverse species.

Investigating insects has taught me that not only are some moths incredibly beautiful – so are some beetles and dragonflies, like the two brilliant blue species described here. I first encountered the dogbane beetle (Chrysochus auratus) on the plant for which it’s named, the white-flowering dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum). This plant is also known as rheumatism root since herbalists have used it to treat that disease, as well as conditions such as syphilis, fever, asthma and dysentery. It is also known as the hemp plant and has been used to make rope.

dogbane IMG_9002©Maria de Bruyn res     dogbane beetle IMG_4298©Maria de Bruyn res

dogbane beetle IMG_4351©Maria de Bruyn resThe iridescent beetle, which measures less than a half inch and lives 6-8 weeks in summer, feeds on the dogbane as well as milkweed plants. The insects’ wings are blue-green in color and have a gorgeous shimmery shine that looks like metallic copper; depending on the light, the highlights can also look golden or crimson in color.

They have widely spaced antennae with 11-12 segments and their legs look a bit as if they end in heart-shaped pads. Their left mandible is longer than the right one and it fits into a groove in the right (why, I don’t know!).

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dogbane beetle IMG_4046©Maria de Bruyn res

dogbane beetle IMG_2461©Maria de Bruyn res

They mate once a day during the summer and the male will stay on top of the female afterwards for some time to ensure that his sperm can fertilize eggs. After mating, the female lays her eggs on the underside of host plant leaves or on the ground. The larvae feed on roots and pupate underground. After 6-8 weeks, the adults die and we have to wait until next summer to see these little beauties.

dogbane beetle IMG_4006©Maria de Bruyn res  dogbane beetle IMG_4035©Maria de Bruyn res

A larger metallic blue insect is the ebony jewelwing damselfly (Calopteryx maculata), which can grow to about 2 inches. It is the black-winged males who exhibit the deep blue color on their bodies. The females are a smoky brown-gray in color and display white spots near the tips of their wings.

Ebony jewelwing IMG_7773©Maria de Bruyn res   Ebony jewelwing IMG_7870©Maria de Bruyn res

These damselflies have been studied extensively, so that we know they shelter among a wide variety of plants, including water plants (pickerel weed, duckweed, lilies, cattails) and land plants such as orange jewelweed, button bush, Joe pye weed and poison ivy. The adults frequently rest on low shrubs in sunlit patches.

Ebony jewelwing IMG_7808©Maria de Bruyn resEbony jewelwing IMG_7890©Maria de Bruyn res

These damselflies have a large variety of prey that include tiger mosquitoes, gnats, flies, beetles and even dragonflies. If they see you observing them, they will watch you in return, turning their heads to follow your movements

Ebony jewelwing IMG_7909©Maria de Bruyn resEbony jewelwing IMG_7919©Maria de Bruyn res.

Ebony jewelwing IMG_7831©Maria de Bruyn resEbony jewelwing IMG_7821©Maria de Bruyn res

Ebony jewelwing damselfly female IMG_1085© Maria de BruynThese damselflies are not strong fliers, often fluttering – even when resting on a leaf. Females will also rapidly open and close their wings if they are receptive to a courting male. If they reject the male, they will keep their wings open.

(If you click on the photo, you can see it enlarged.)

 

 

 

 

Ebony jewelwing IMG_7812©Maria de Bruyn res1The male will raise his abdomen as part of his courting display.Ebony jewelwing IMG_7738©Maria de Bruyn res

Females lay their eggs in the soft stems of water plants. And then, after about two weeks of flight, the adults pass away and we await new generations to admire. I’m looking forward to finding out if I discover any more blue jewels in the future!

Bluebird young’uns – take 2!

Eastern bluebird IMG_1285©Maria de Bruyn resThe first week after they fledged, I didn’t see the baby Eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis), although their parents were frequent visitors to the suet/meal worm feeders. I hoped that they had made it and not fallen prey to a neighborhood cat or other predator. When I decided to take photos at the time of the summer solstice, however, I discovered they are all doing quite well and keeping mama and papa quite busy!

Eastern bluebird IMG_1248©Maria de Bruyn res

 

 

 

Sometimes they perched nearby and waited for a parent to come to them with a meal. Other times they waited in nearby trees.

They also followed their parents to the feeder, perching on a bamboo stem or feeder pole, waiting and calling to make their hungry desires known.

 

Eastern bluebirds IMG_1123©Maria de Bruyn res

They could be quite demanding, which may account for the parents stuffing their mouths quite full of meal worms.

Eastern bluebirds IMG_1243©Maria de Bruyn res

Eastern bluebird IMG_1662©Maria de Bruyn res
I guess those wide open mouths make it quite obvious what they are after.

Eastern bluebird IMG_1254©Maria de Bruyn res

I don’t know whether there was some rivalry in play here or one baby misjudging its landing coordinates on the pole very badly. Good thing those claws missed its sibling’s eye!

Eastern bluebird IMG_1696©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_1696©Maria de Bruyn close-up
Not every juvenile was just expecting waiter service from dad or mom, though. One young’un (“Southern” for young one) began practicing meal worm gleaning from the feeder him (or her)self, successfully I might add.

Eastern bluebird IMG_1275©Maria de Bruyn res

As his or her siblings learn this, it will be nice for their parents, who probably will want to distance themselves from the constant nagging for food. It will be interesting to see if they decide to nurture a second brood this year!

Eastern bluebird IMG_1262©Maria de Bruyn res

Eastern bluebird IMG_1697©Maria de Bruyn res

 

Is this my year of snakes??

Lest y’all (“you all”, some Southern vocabulary is finally entering my repertoire) come to think that I’m only interested in the birds inhabiting my beautiful world, today I’d like to focus on a much less appreciated animal species – the snakes.

Green tree python IMG_3565© Maria de BruynI’ve gone for years without ever spotting a snake in the wild; this one to the left was a green tree python (Morelia viridis) seen at a zoo. Since I moved to my house with a yard, I still have seen them only occasionally or witnessed the effects of unfortunate encounters with them, like when my indoor-outdoor cat (I also have two indoor cats only, much to their dismay) was bitten twice by a copperhead (with some years in between).

This year, however, seems on its way to becoming the year in which I spit viper IMG_1787©Maria de Bruyn resee a record number of snakes (and Eastern box turtles). It began with a presentation at my camera club when a wildlife photographer brought in a pit viper for photo opportunities. I only had my old point-and-shoot camera with a no longer functioning flash so my photo was not so great; the poor snake’s cage was also surrounded by so many people flashing around it, I had no appetite for trying to get a better shot. I much prefer taking photos of animals in the wild (and sometimes a zoo).

Brown snake IMG_1633©Maria de BruynresLast year, I saw a few snakes, including at an Audubon Society presentation. In the wild, I came across this thin brown snake (Storeria dekayi) crossing a path at the Mason Farm Biological Reserve. It actually was kind of a pretty with the brown markings on its head. These snakes eat snails, earthworms and slugs, so you might find it useful if they are around your garden to cut down on the plant-eating slugs.

 

I also came across this Eastern worm snake (Carphophis amoenus Eastern worm snake IMG_1335©Maria de Bruynresamoenus) in my garden. These smallish snakes (growing to about 15 inches max) are mostly active at night and use their small pointed heads to help root in the soil where they find insects and worms to eat.

On walks with my brother, we came across Western rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) a few times. They come in different colors (yellow, gray, black) and can become quite large. This sizeable one was lounging in a tree during one of my volunteer shifts at Mason Farm. I only had my small point-and-shoot camera with me, so I didn’t think I was disturbing it much by taking some portrait shots but it did lunge at me at one point, so I backed up a bit.

Western rat snake IMG_4599©Maria de BruynWestern rat snake IMG_4614©Maria de Bruyn

The rat snakes are constrictors that suffocate their prey, such as rodents, frogs, lizards, chipmunks, squirrels, juvenile rabbits and opossums, songbirds, and bird eggs – the latter being the main reason that I have raccoon baffles on my bird box poles! I have come across them several more times in the past months.

Western rat snake IMG_0330©Maria de Bruyn resWestern rat snake IMG_6941©Maria de Bruyn res

Western rat snake IMG_7694©Maria de Bruyn res

Perhaps the most intsnakeskin IMG_3498©Maria de Bruyn reseresting sighting lately has not been a rat snake itself but its skin! They are very good tree climbers and this one obviously decided to shed its skin while hanging on a high tree limb in a park along the Blue Ridge Parkway in the Appalachian Mountains.

The snake that has me most wary here in North Carolina is thecopperhead IMG_9661©Maria de Bruyn res portrait copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), the only venomous snake in this part of the state. They can be very beautiful and actually will not attack quickly. When threatened, they will often vibrate their tail and release a musky odor. If they feel they are in danger, however, they will bite – as my next-door neighbor unfortunately discovered when he put his arms around a tree to tie a ribbon on and disturbed an unseen snake on the other side of the tree. He had to go to the hospital and had a severely swollen arm, describing the bite and its after-effects as incredibly painful.

copperhead IMG_9661©Maria de Bruyn resKnowing all this made me incredibly grateful that I encountered this snake on a cool early morning. Just before a nature walk, I needed to relieve myself badly and snuck off a path to do so before other hikers arrived. Perhaps distracted by the idea that someone might come upon me in an ungraceful position, I looked around quickly but obviously not thoroughly enough because as I half-squatted and looked down at my feet, I discovered my right foot was right next to this reptile. I backed away quietly but quickly and only later when I retrieved my camera from the car did I get a shot of this merciful snake.

Having read an increasing amount about snakes through Project Noah and coming across them more and more often has made me less fearful of these animals and able to much better appreciate their beauty and important role in our ecosystems. However, when I came home to find my female cat had cornered this young black racer (Coluber constrictor) in my dining room, my admiration for the species did not make me want to entertain it inside for a while, even though they eat rodents and my cats have caught a few mice in the house. I quickly went to get a box, caught it and brought it outside where it quickly slithered off.

black racer IMG_4898©Maria de Bruynresblack racer IMG_4905©Maria de Bruynres

Red-bellied watersnake IMG_8141©Maria de Bruyn resWhen our volunteer group at Mason Farm recently began a task of preparing wood for a new boardwalk, we discovered another native snake was keeping us company – a red-bellied watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster). These somewhat short-tempered but beautiful reptiles consume a varied diet but mainly eat amphibians such as frogs, toads, and salamanders.

Red-bellied watersnake IMG_8162©Maria de Bruyn res

I took the photos from a distance as these snakes will bite repeatedly if they feel threatened – even if non-venomous, I don’t seek a snake bite as an experience. I do wonder if I’ll see some new kinds of snakes in the wild before the year is out though!

Yay for the bluebirds!

Eastern bluebird Eastern bluebird IMG_9836©Maria de Bruyn resLast year was a disappointment for the bluebirds (Sialia sialias) and me when a cowbird (Molothrus ater) laid her egg in their front-yard nest. The cowbird hatched first and when I looked a few days later, the bluebird eggs were gone. The bluebirds dutifully cared for the foster child but had none of their own.

This year, they returned to the same nesting box and despite there being whole flocks of cowbirds around, they were able to avoid being surrogate parents this year. On 2 May, there were three eggs and by 5 May there were four.

Eastern bluebird IMG_5902©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_4819©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_4985©Maria de Bruyn res

On 17 May, after mama and papa left the vicinity of the nest, I peeked in and saw the hatched babies, very naked newborns indeed! Mama was often with the babies and papa came to bring food, but mama left from time to time. They both visited the feeders to replenish themselves.

Eastern bluebird Eastern bluebird IMG_9753©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_8753©Maria de Bruyn res

I set up a canopy chair to observe at what I thought was a good distance but discovered I was too close. The parents would arrive in the tree fronting the nest but if I was too close in their opinion, they would not go to the nest or only after I had been still for quite a long time. It was interesting to see that they were feeding the hatchlings dried meal worms along with other insects that they had caught.
Eastern bluebird IMG_3538©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_3498©Maria de Bruyn res

Eastern bluebird IMG_3657©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_3620©Maria de Bruyn  res

They also seemed to be feeding the babies fruit – wild raspberries from what I could tell!

Eastern bluebird IMG_4994©Maria de Bruyn resBy 28 May, the babies were much larger and feathered. Mama and papa were kept busy ensuring they were well fed! And house cleaning to remove their brood’s fecal sacs was also a definite necessity!

Eastern bluebird IMG_5129©Maria de Bruyn res

Eastern bluebird IMG_5371©Maria de Bruyn resThe parents remained very vigilant – not only keeping an eye on me but also other too curious visitors. On 1 June, a gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) suddenly descended to the nesting box, fluttering its wings furiously to remain suspended in front of the hole while it looked in. It then flew up on top of the box but the bluebird adults chased it away VERY quickly!

 

Eastern bluebird IMG_5008©Maria de Bruyn res

 

 

By 2 June, the babies were looking ready to fledge. The next day, I had time to watch the box and saw a baby repeatedly looking out (but not really calling much).

 

 

Eastern bluebird IMG_6267©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_6330©Maria de Bruyn res

Sure enough, I saw it leap and swoop up to perch on a nearby branch.

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Eastern bluebird IMG_6361©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_6379©Maria de Bruyn res

The next baby soon began peeping out, too, although this one also retreated inside the box now and again. Eventually, this baby swooped out as well, but s/he flew all the way across the street to a neighbor’s yard. When I carefully looked inside the next box, I saw that they were the last two to fledge – the others had gone before.

Eastern bluebird IMG_6452©Maria de Bruyn trdEastern bluebird IMG_6458©Maria de Bruyn res

Oddly, I haven’t seen the babies at the feeders although I see the parents there.

Eastern bluebird IMG_8743©Maria de Bruyn resEastern bluebird IMG_7504©Maria de Bruyn res

 

Eastern bluebird IMG_8749©Maria de Bruyn resThey or another bluebird couple were checking out a nest box in the backyard. They didn’t use this one (Carolina wrens have moved in with a nest there in the last few days) but they have constructed a new nest in another backyard box today. So I hope to witness another fledging in a few weeks! Yay for the bluebirds!