Deer and their curiosity

Don-tso and Schatje were both very sweet animals who enriched my life, but they were very different personalities. Don-tso, whose Native American name represented a spirit who sits by your shoulder and warns you of danger, lived up to that name. She was a delicate small cat, rescued as a feral kitten from the streets of Amsterdam, who remained anxious and extremely cautious throughout her life. Even after a decade, I could not approach and pick her up; time spent on my lap was always on her terms and at times of her choosing. She was nevertheless very loving and brave.

Schatje (Dutch word for “dear”) was a wild deer who chose to befriend me and one other neighbor, approaching us as a young doe. We are usually warned not to let urban deer grow accustomed to us as this can endanger them – when they trust people, it makes them vulnerable to those who want to hurt or eradicate them. Schatje was so persistent, however, that I broke that rule and got to know her very well over a five-year period.

Jonahay and Schatje IMG_1752 ©Maria de BruynBoth Don-tso and Schatje were very curious. This came home to me one summer day when a strange incident occurred. My other cat, Jonahay, had become agitated when Schatje came near and when I tried to move him away, he displaced his aggression and attacked Don-tso who was nearest to him. As I tried to intervene between Jonahay and Don-tso, I felt a nudge behind me – Schatje had marched up and was trying to get a good look at what was happening! As she approached, little Don-tso gathered up her courage and stood her ground – she was actually ready to spring at Schatje, who was considerably larger! I finally got Don-tso and Jonahay into the house and things calmed down.

Don-tso says not too close M de BruynOver the years, as I’ve watched Schatje’s family and other deer visit my yard, it’s become apparent how observant and curious they are. Undoubtedly, their curiosity plays a role in their survival skills – it pays for them to notice changes in the environment that could pose a danger or threat to their well-being. Sudden changes – movement and sound – will evoke the well-known white-tailed deer response where they raise their tails like warning flags and stamp their feet.

Ne-zhoni alarm©Maria de Bruyn

In other cases, however, when something in the environment has changed during their absence, they will investigate. Scientists believe that this curiosity provides them with information that can be helpful in knowing, for example, where they might find new sources of food or possible obstacles in their way when they want to make a quick escape. When I have made new additions to my yard, some of the deer – most noticeably Schatje and her offspring – have taken quite some time to examine them through sight, smell and touch.

Schatje looks at bird photo ©Maria de Bruyn

If new yard art moves, it may take a while before they approach and some individuals will never get close. Others are braver, however, like these young ones; the doe exploring the whirling bird did so after about four days of cautious investigation, coming a bit closer each day.

deer with whirling bird IMG_5574© Maria de Bruyn resattracted to toys ©Maria de Bruyn

 The deer can also be curious about other animals, like this fawn who wanted to get close to a squirrel – who definitely was not interested in any togetherness.

Deer with squirrel IMG_2151©Maria de BruynWhile I may not meet another deer who is as trustingly curious as Schatje, her descendants will most likely continue to explore my yard and satisfy their curiosity about any changes happening here. And in doing so, they will help satisfy some of my curiosity about deer behavior!

Resplendent remiges and rectrices – bird beauty from behind

The other day asMourning dove IMG_6565©Maria de Bruyn res I was photographing birds at my feeders, I was struck by the beauty of this bird’s feathers as they lay across its back. The muted colors are wonderful and the scalloped-edge pattern is marvelous. It made me take a look at other birds’ feathers as seen from behind and how they vary in position and shape. I hope you enjoy this short tour and have some fun identifying the birds shown – many are very easy for experienced birders but perhaps some are not for beginning birdwatchers. The answers will be added to the blog next week.

So, we are focusing here on flight feathers, namely the remiges and rectrices. The remiges – or wing feathers – help the bird get lift when flying and support the bird during flight. The rectrices – tail feathers – give the bird stability and provide control.

Red fox sparrow IMG_5745© Maria de Bruyn resHouse finch M de Bruyn resCardinal IMG_6227©Maria de Bruyn res

The outer “vane” (part of the feather above the shaft) is narrower than the inner vane, so the wing feathers are asymmetrical. The tail feathers, on the other hand, are symmetrical in shape and pattern. The “primary” wing feathers are narrower and can be rotated individually, while the secondary remiges are shorter and lie together, even when the bird is flying.

In some species, the wing feathers may reveal a spot of color on the bird’s back when they are not folded completely over one another.

Yellow-rumped warbler IMG_6461©Maria de BruynresHouse finch IMG_6255©Maria de Bruyn res

The feathers also serve other functions, such as keeping the bird warm and dry.

Ruby-throated hummingbird IMG_4221©Maria de BruynresMandarin duck IMG_1605©Maria de Bruyn resHoopoe IMG_4314©Maria de Bruyn res

In some species, the males develop especially resplendent rectrices in thRed-collared widowbird 390©Maria de Bruynreseir breeding plumage – a definite attempt to attract mates.

Interestingly, the total weight of a bird’s feathers is about 2-3 times more than the weight of its bones!

One final quiz question – which bird has the fewest overall feathers and which species has the most?

Next week: curious deer

Mother Nature is a gamer, too!

mouth IMG_0207© Maria de BruynresThough it’s not everyone’s idea of a great past-time, there are plenty of people who play games online as a way of relaxing and temporarily escaping the daily grind. One type of popular game focuses on finding hidden objects, where players need to quickly find various items in different settings. But we can play a similar game with Mother Nature when we go outdoors and then get some good exercise while we’re at it.

Hidden objects can be seen in Mother Nature’s (or Gaia’s, if you prefer that name) creations of all kinds. Some are fairly obvious, while others require using a bit of imagination, but once you get going, it can be a lot of fun.

face IMG_0291©Maria de BruynresFinding faces in tree trunks, fungi and rocks is one variant of the game.

Facelike mushroom©Maria de Bruynres

Another focus can be discovering figures in plants and rock formations. The saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantean) lends itself particularly well to this in my opinion. This cactus species can grow to heights of more than 20 meters (~70 ft) and live as long as 150 years. Woodpecker nest holes in trees and cacti definitely help create “face” looks.

Hello IMG_1872©Maria de Bruyn rescactus people©Maria de Bruyn res

caterpillar-like cactus©Maria de BruynPlants can also mimic animals.

Clouds can often elicit imaginative responses and I’ve seen some really interesting formations over the years, but I lost those photos when my laptop and external hard drive both crashed within a short time. But —  fortunately  — the game can always continue since Mother Nature continues to create surprises for us to discover.

What do you see in this pcactus 4©Maria de Bruynreshoto of the crested saguaro (and some of the others)?

Weaver birds – avian architects par excellence!

sociable weaver IMG_4297©Maria de BruynWatching different species of birds build their nests in the spring can be quite entertaining, but the most amazing nests that I’ve been privileged to see can’t be found in my immediate environment — those of the sociable weaver birds (Philetairus socius geminus), which I encountered in Namibia. (Their architectural feats are rivaled by those of the bower birds, which I haven’t been able to see in person yet – maybe one day!).

The sociable weavers are birds native to Southern Africa, where stiff grasses grow that are a main component of their large communal nests. The males build these shared homes in trees and on telephone and utility poles; they are the largest nests built by any bird and can house more than 100 pairs of several generations. Some nests have been occupied for more than a century and may weigh several tons!

Sociable weaver bird nest IMG_6610 ©Maria de Bruynres

sociable weaver bird nest IMG_6604©Maria de Bruyn

The nests are a technological marvel, highly structured and providing a more advantageous temperature inside compared to outside. The central chambers retain heat and are used for roosting at night. The birds use the outer rooms in the daytime to get some shade. The nesting chambers are lined from top to bottom with soft plant material, fur, cotton, and fluff, while sharp spikes of straw or twigs protect the entrances against predators such as Cape cobra snakes. Some birds appear to be caught, however.

sociable weaver IMG_4290©Maria de Bruynsociable weaver birds IMG_4284©Maria de Bruyn

The sociable weavers may not breed during periods of low rainfall and a considerable number (sometimes more than half) of the birds in a colony may not breed in a given season. Under typical conditions, sociable weaver birds raise up to four broods per breeding cycle, with nearly all pairs being assisted by helpers; for example, older birds may help care for younger siblings and unrelated hatchlings. Interestingly, other species of birds may also share these nests, including red-headed finches, rosy-faced lovebirds, pied barbets, familiar chats, ashy tits and pygmy falcons.

 baglafecht weaver IMG_1506 MdBweaver bird nest IMG_3560 ©Maria de BruynBaglafecht weaver (Ploceus baglafecht) in Kenya

Among other types of weaver birds, the males also are the nest builders, hoping to attract females with beautifully constructed homes. They can use their strong, conical beaks and feet to actually tie knots in the grasses used to form the nests, making the nests sturdier.

Weaver bird nests IMG_6570©Maria de Bruynresweaver bird nests IMG_6552©Maria de Bruynres

The male sparrow weavers of Africa build “apartment-house” nests, in which numerous birds live in separate but neighboring flask-shaped homes that are entered through tubes at the bottom.

The buffalo weavers, on the other hand, make large stick nests that are untidy outside but may have spherical woven nests inside.

red-billed weaver ©Maria de Bruyn

Red-billed buffalo weaver (Bubalornis niger) in South Africa

The bluebirds and robins here can make some nice-looking nests, but the weaver bird nests are among my real favorites!

Next blog: to be determined!

Caterpillars with fuzzy hair-dos

This past year, I was having trouble getting good shots of birds hidden in foliage so, inspired by fellTiger moth caterpillar 3 IMG_8012©Maria de Bruynow contributors to Project Noah, I tried my hand at photographing more insects. This opened up another fascinating wildlife world to me and I’ve been learning about different species of flies, bees, hoppers, and moths.

I had always thought of butterflies as the “beauties” of the insect kingdom but found out that the moths can be simply stunning (another blog to come). Moth caterpillars are really interesting, too – and there are so many kinds with fuzzy bodies. At an early stage, their hairs or bristles (setae) may be short, as seen in this Tiger moth IMG_0332©Maria de Bruynpale tiger moth; as they grow, the setae become longer like those in the dark tiger moth.

TheSycamore tussock moth IMG_0144©Maria de Bruyn Sycamore tussock moth caterpillar (Halysidota harrisii) is a fancy variety, with hairs  that give its face a bit of an “old man” look (droopy mustaches). Though not considered one of the stinging caterpillars (read on to find out about them), the hairs have been known to cause hives if a person touches them. If one lands on you, use a twig or leaf to remove it gently.

The BandeBanded tussock moth IMG_3930©Maria de Bruynd tussock moth (Halysidota tessellaris) shown below also has a beautiful caterpillar with long tufts on its head and posterior.

Two caterpillars have been nicknamed woolly bears. The Virginia tiger moth (Spilosoma virginica) caterpillar, which can vary widely in color, is known as the yellow woolly bear in its pale color variation.

Virginia tiger moth caterpillar IMG_0917©Maria de BruynVirginia tiger moth IMG_9202©Maria de Bruyn res

The banded woolly bear caterpillar of the Isabella tiger moth (Pyrrharctia Isabella) even has whole festivals devoted to it in places like Banner Elk, a mountain town in North Carolina. There is a myth that if this caterpillar has a thick brown stripe, the winter will be mild; if the brown stripe is narrow, we will have a severe winter. This year, I saw caterpillars with narrow and wide stripes, so I wonder what it will be.

Isabella tiger moth IMG_8604©Maria de Bruyn

The Fall webworm moth caterpillar (Hyphantria cunea) is especially well-known for the communal webbed nests that they create on shrubs and in trees. They can vary in color from yellow to gray with two light stripes along their sides. The adult moth is a beauty; in the northern states, it is mostly white but in the South it can have dark spots on its fore-wings.

Fall webworm moth IMG_9141©Maria de Bruyn resFall webworm moth Hyphantria IMG_6582 ©Maria de Bruyn signed

Some of the hairy caterpillars are known as “stinging caterpillars”. They do not inject venom like bees and wasps but their hollow hairs contain toxins, which are designed to protect them from predators. When another being – including humans – brushes against the hairs, they break away and release the toxin. This can cause varying reactions, including mild to intense burning, stinging pain and itching. Depending on the species, a person might also experience rashes, swelling and inflammation, numbness and even fever and nausea. The reactions can be especially serious for people with sensitive skin and allergies.

Saddleback caterpillar moth IMG_2647©Maria de BruynresI didn’t know about this until this year; fortunately, I did not pick up any of the stinging caterpillars since I try not to disturb the creatures I photograph. That was a good decision when I came across the Saddleback moth caterpillar  (Acharia stimulea), which is quite an eye-catching individual. This slug-type caterpillar isn’t quite as hairy as some other species but causes some of the more severe reactions. I hope to find some new hairy caterpillars next year!

Next blog: Weaver bird nests